| Article Access Statistics | | | Viewed | 5525 | | | Printed | 162 | | | Emailed | 0 | | | PDF Downloaded | 79 | | | Comments | [Add] | | | Cited by others | 10 | | |
|
Click on image for details.
|
|
 |
| LETTER TO EDITOR |
|
|
|
| Year : 2011 | Volume
: 59
| Issue : 5 | Page : 775-776 |
Giant primary intraosseous calvarial hemangioma of the occipital bone
Prakash Nair1, Arun Kumar Srivastava1, Raj Kumar1, Kapil Jain1, Rabi Narayan Sahu1, Mukul Vij2, Manoj Jain2
1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
2 Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| Date of Submission | 16-Apr-2011 |
| Date of Decision | 17-Apr-2011 |
| Date of Acceptance | 20-Jun-2011 |
| Date of Web Publication | 22-Oct-2011 |
Correspondence Address:
Arun Kumar Srivastava
Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.86568
How to cite this article:
Nair P, Srivastava AK, Kumar R, Jain K, Sahu RN, Vij M, Jain M. Giant primary intraosseous calvarial hemangioma of the occipital bone. Neurol India 2011;59:775-6 |
Sir,
A 20-year old female presented with progressively increasing holocranial headache, unsteadiness of gait, and visual obscuration of 2 months duration. Right ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for signs of raised intracranial pressure had been done by the referring neurosurgeon. Neurological examination revealed papilledema and right-sided cerebellar signs. Skull examination revealed an irregular bony hard immobile swelling 3 cm lateral to the inion on the right involving the occipital bone. Plain computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a hyperdense-calcified lesion in the posterior fossa contiguous with the occipital bone displacing the right cerebellar hemisphere and the fourth ventricle with obstructive hydrocephalus [Figure 1]a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an extra-axial lesion in the posterior fossa compressing the right cerebellar hemisphere effacing the fourth ventricle causing hydrocephalus. The lesion was isointense on T1W [Figure 1]b and hyperintense on T2W [Figure 1]d images with brilliant enhancement on gadolinium contrast injection [Figure 1]c. The lesion was seen infiltrating the occipital bone and subcutaneous tissue. MR-venogram showed occlusion of right transverse sinus by the lesion. The images were suggestive of a posterior fossa convexity meningioma infiltrating the occipital bone with hydrocephalus. | Figure 1: Axial CT and MRI images of the occipital hemangioma. (a) CT shows a rounded calcified lesion in the post fossa with peripheral spiculated calcifications. (b) On MRI, axial T1W shows it is iso to hypointense with a pattern of peripheral striations with soft tissue infiltration,the 4th ventricle is effaced and hydrocephalus is noted. (c) Post contrast axialT1W shows bright enhancement on gadolinium contrast injection. (d) Axial T2W, it appears isointense with areas of hyperintensity. (e) MRA shows complete occlusion of the right transverse sinus
Click here to view |
During surgery, the tumor was found to be intraosseous, the outer table was thin and the inner table was eroded by the tumor, which was entirely extradural and extremely vascular causing torrential bleeding from large trabecular blood-filled channels. Blood loss at the end of the procedure was 4200 ml. Tumor was excised completely with a rim of normal bone. Complete excision was confirmed on the postoperative CT scan [Figure 2]. Histological examination showed large thin-walled vascular channels with small thin-walled and angulated capillary sized blood-filled vessels, suggestive of a cavernocapillary hemangioma of the occipital bone [Figure 3]. Postoperatively, she developed right-sided hemiparesis with increase in right-sided cerebellar signs, which had resolved completely at the last follow-up at 6 months.
Hemangiomas account for 0.7% of all bone tumors. [1] Vertebral column is the most common site and calvarium is involved in 20% of cases. Primary calvarial hemangioma (PCH) forms 10% of the benign neoplasms of the skull. Parietal and frontal bones are most commonly involved [2] with occipital, sphenoid, and temporal bone involvement being rare. These lesion occur in fourth decade; women are affected two to four times more often than men. [3] PCH may present as (1) globular expansile variety which arises from the skull base and presents as a space-occupying lesion and (2) a sessile type causing expansion of the diploe of the skull; however, significant intracranial extension is rare. [4] PCH are usually asymptomatic but may manifest with cosmetic disfigurements, facial dysmorphic features, cranial nerve deficits, local pain, or rarely seizures. In our patient, the lesion had attained a large size causing ipsilateral cerebellar signs and obstructive hydrocephalus, an extremely rare presentation. Histologically, hemangiomas are classified according to the predominant type of vascular channel: cavernous, capillary, arteriovenous, and venous. | Figure 2: Post operative axial CT scan shows complete excision of the hemangioma. The 4th ventricle is seen patent in the post operative scan
Click here to view |
 | Figure 3: Photomicrograph of the hematoxylin-eosin stained preparation showing thin walled vascular channels with small thin walled and angulated capillary sized vessels filled with blood suggestive of a caverno-capillary hemangioma, × 100
Click here to view |
On plain skiagram, PCH is a solitary lytic lesion with a sclerotic rim. There may be a characteristic "honeycomb" trabecular pattern or "sunburst" pattern with striations radiating from the center. On CT, PCH is a lucent lesion with multiple interposed trabeculae. The lesion is characterized by distinct margins, appearing to replace the full thickness of the calvarium. [7] These lesions may have multiple bony spurs projecting into the center of the lesion which lends them the appearance often referred to as "wagon-wheel," "corduroy-cloth," or the "sunburst" appearance. [7] In our patient, it was hyperdense and with bulky central and spiculated peripheral calcification and hyperostosis of the underlying bone with no distinct margins or lytic change. On MRI, PCH typically appear well-circumscribed, hyperintense on T1W and T2W images with bright enhancement on contrast administration; [4] however, the signal intensity of PCH may vary; hyperintensity on T1-weighted images is a differentiating feature of the PCH [5] and indicates the presence of fat in these lesions, [6] loss of fat with hypointensity on T1W indicates an aggressive PCH [7] which was a feature of our case. The presence of a dural tail mimicking a meningioma may be seen, [8] like in our patient. Radiological features may help in establishing the diagnosis; however, only histological diagnosis is definitive.
Enbloc resection is the standard approach to minimize blood loss, as the sinusoids are undisturbed. [3] In conclusion, we suggest that PCH must be kept in the differential diagnosis when large intracranial extra-axial lesions are encountered.
| » References | |  |
| 1. | Huvos A. Bone Tumours: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis. 2nd ed, Phliadelphia: Saunders; 1991. 
|
| 2. | Pastore FS, De Caro GM, Faiola A, Mauriello A, Giuffrè R. Cavernous hemangioma of the parietal bone. Case report and review of the literature. NeuroChirurgie 1999;45:312-5.
|
| 3. | Wyke BD. Primary hemangioma of the skull; A rare cranial tumor; review of the literature and report of a case, with special reference to the roentgenographic appearances. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther 1949;61:302-16.
[PUBMED] |
| 4. | Bastug D, Ortiz O, Schochet SS. Hemangiomas in the calvaria: Imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:683-7.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 5. | Khanam H, Lipper MH, Wolff CL, Lopes MB. Calvarial hemangiomas: report of two cases and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 2001;55:63-7.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 6. | Ross JS, Masaryk TJ, Modic MT, Carter JR, Mapstone T, Dengel FH. Vertebral hemangiomas: MR imaging. Radiology 1987;165:165-9.
|
| 7. | Banerji D, Inao S, Sugita K, Kaur A, Chhabra DK. Primary intraosseous orbital hemangioma: A case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1994;35:1131-4.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 8. | Politi M, Romeike BF, Papanagiotou P, Nabhan A, Struffert T, Feiden W, et al. Intraosseous hemangioma of the skull with dural tail sign: Radiologic features with pathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2049-52.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Primary Intraosseous Cavernous Hemangioma of the Cranium: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
|
| George A. Alexiou, Marios Lampros, Maria M. Gavra, Nikolaos Vlachos, John Ydreos, Efstathios J. Boviatsis | | World Neurosurgery. 2022; 164: 323 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Recognizing and Distinguishing the Phenomenon Referred to as Meningioma |
|
| Bruce M. Rothschild | | Anatomia. 2022; 1(1): 107 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
A Giant Primary Intraosseous Calvarial Hemangioma of the Temporal Bone |
|
| Lihong Cui, Yingchun Yin, Weiyuan Ma, Ping Zhang, Chunyan Wang, Xunhui Yuan, Yinghao Gu | | Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2021; 32(8): 2914 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
A unique case of multiple calvarial hemangiomas with one large symplastic hemangioma |
|
| Najwa Abdalkabeer A. Bantan, Ahmed H. Abouissa, Muhammad Saeed, Mustafa Hassan Alwalily, Kamal Bakour Balkhoyour, Khalid Mohammad Ashour, Amal Ali Hassan, Afnan Hisham Falemban, Mohiuddin M. Taher | | BMC Neurology. 2021; 21(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
“Sun Burst” Appearance and “Wagon Wheel” Signs—Classical Imaging in Calvarial Hemangioma |
|
| Prasad Krishnan, Nabanita Ghosh, Sayan Das | | Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 2020; 11(04): 667 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Congenital Calvarial Hemangioma |
|
| Michal Brichacek, Abdul Naeem, Guido Filler, Robert Hammond, Arjang Yazdani, Adrianna Ranger | | Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2018; 29(6): 1625 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Occipital Intraosseous Hemangioma over Torcula: Unusual Presentation with Raised Intracranial Pressure |
|
| K.V.L.N. Rao,Manish Beniwal,Vikas Vazhayil,Sampath Somanna,T.C. Yasha | | World Neurosurgery. 2017; 108: 999.e1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Evidence for ancient meningiomas and a probable case from Medieval Tarbat, Scotland |
|
| Morag Brothwell,Don Brothwell | | International Journal of Paleopathology. 2016; 13: 65 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Intracranial Hypertension Caused by Occipital Calvarial Hemangioma: Case Report |
|
| Visish M. Srinivasan,Patrick J. Karas,Anish N. Sen,Jared S. Fridley,Shankar P. Gopinath | | World Neurosurgery. 2016; 91: 672.e1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
Posttraumatic Cavernous Hemangioma of the Skull |
|
| Juan Yu,Yunping Li,Xuanchu Duan | | Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2014; 25(1): e48 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
