Brivazens
Neurology India
menu-bar5 Open access journal indexed with Index Medicus
  Users online: 2555  
 Home | Login 
About Editorial board Articlesmenu-bullet NSI Publicationsmenu-bullet Search Instructions Online Submission Subscribe Videos Etcetera Contact
  Navigate Here 
 Search
 
  
 Resource Links
  »  Similar in PUBMED
 »  Search Pubmed for
 »  Search in Google Scholar for
 »Related articles
  »  Article in PDF (757 KB)
  »  Citation Manager
  »  Access Statistics
  »  Reader Comments
  »  Email Alert *
  »  Add to My List *
* Registration required (free)  

 
  In this Article
 »  Abstract
 » Introduction
 » Case Report
 » Discussion
 » Conclusion
 »  References
 »  Article Figures

 Article Access Statistics
    Viewed3724    
    Printed113    
    Emailed0    
    PDF Downloaded53    
    Comments [Add]    

Recommend this journal

 


 
Table of Contents    
CASE REPORT
Year : 2013  |  Volume : 61  |  Issue : 6  |  Page : 650-652

Indocyanine green video angiography-assisted surgical management of coil migration resulting from the endovascular treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm: Technical case report and instrumentation assessment


1 Department of Neurosurgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus Ohio, USA; Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
2 Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
3 Department of Neurosurgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus Ohio, USA

Date of Submission17-Sep-2013
Date of Decision26-Oct-2013
Date of Acceptance18-Dec-2013
Date of Web Publication20-Jan-2014

Correspondence Address:
Zion Zibly
Department of Neurosurgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA

Login to access the Email id

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.125274

Rights and Permissions

 » Abstract 

We describe surgical management of herniated coil using indocyanine green video angiography (ICGA) following failure of endovascular retrieval methods in a patient who had endovascular treatment for anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The interdisciplinary cooperation between the endovascular and neurosurgical teams proved to be crucial for obtainment of a desirable outcome in this case. ICGA technology applied in such difficult cases may improve the surgical outcome.


Keywords: Aneurysm, angiography, coil herniation, embolization, indocyanine green


How to cite this article:
Zibly Z, Rajz GG, Sharma M, Harnof S. Indocyanine green video angiography-assisted surgical management of coil migration resulting from the endovascular treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm: Technical case report and instrumentation assessment. Neurol India 2013;61:650-2

How to cite this URL:
Zibly Z, Rajz GG, Sharma M, Harnof S. Indocyanine green video angiography-assisted surgical management of coil migration resulting from the endovascular treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm: Technical case report and instrumentation assessment. Neurol India [serial online] 2013 [cited 2023 Jun 2];61:650-2. Available from: https://www.neurologyindia.com/text.asp?2013/61/6/650/125274



 » Introduction Top


Coil migration and herniation is a rare complication of endovascular treatment for intracerebral aneurysms. There are no specific guidelines regarding the management of dislodged coils which are difficult to retrieve despite multiple attempts, due to the rarity of such an event. It is difficult to retrieve the dislodged coils and added attempts at pulling the coil may cause a perforation through the aneurysm wall, while invasive microsurgical procedures carry its risks. This report describes the surgical removal of a coil which migrated from its desirable location and got lodged in the lumen of the right A1-2 junction.


 » Case Report Top


A 67-year-old male was admitted with a history of massive subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to A-com artery aneurysm for which he was treated by endovascular coiling (two coils) 6 months before this admission. Follow-up angiography revealed the coils to be compacted, leading to a third coiling attempt. During the procedure there was dislodgement of initial coil into the lumen of the right A1-2 junction. He was started on heparin and multiple attempts to retrieve the migrated coil using endovascular balloon and Amplatz "Goose-Neck" microsnare (Microvena, White Bear Lake, MN) catheter were unsuccessful. In view of multiple unsuccessful attempts and possible risk of parent vessel occlusion, a decision was made to surgically rescue the dislodged coil.

The patient was taken up for urgent surgery and heparin was maintained in order to ensure the patency of the parent vessel until the initiation of the surgical procedure. Right pterional craniotomy was performed under thiopental anesthesia-induced burst suppression and gradual cooling to core temperature of 34°C. [1] to have direct exposure of the A2 segment and removal of the coil with an optional trapping and distal A2-A2 anastomosis. During the surgical procedure the anterior complex was exposed and the aneurysm with dislodged coils could be seen through the translucent trunk wall. At this stage, an indocyanine green video angiography (ICGA) using the near-infrared fluorescent dye was performed. A Zeiss OPMI Neuro NC4 microscope-fitted with an infrared 800 illumination head for fluorescence-based angiography was used to visualize the ICG fluorescing cerebral blood flow. [2] The information thus obtained was used for the effective planning of the surgical rescue procedure [Figure 1]. Temporary clips were placed on the right and left A1 as well as on the left A2 segments. A small arteriotomy was subsequently performed in the patent part of the aneurysm neck, distal to the final location of the permanent clip. The lodged coil was carefully removed using microforceps. A permanent straight SUGITA clip was placed on the remnant aneurysm, after which a check ICGA was performed, followed by confirmatory intra-operative diagnostic angiography [Figure 2] and [Figure 3]. Both the diagnostic procedures demonstrated a full removal of the herniated coil, as well as a complete closure of the remnant aneurysm, with no evidence of flow obstruction in the parent vessel.-procedure-Post patient developed mild left-sided hemiparesis which resolved at 6-week follow-up.
Figure 1: Optical (left) and ICG-based video angiography (right) of the aneurysm pre-arteriotomy. (a) right A1 segment of right ACA; (b) Right A2 segment of right ACA; arrowhead: left A1 segment of left ACA; arrow: Right recurrent artery of heubner; asterisk: Remnant of aneurysm; dashed line: Margins of aneurysm neck; arrowheads: Arteriotomy site; GR: Gyrus rectus; LON: Left optic nerve; RON: Right optic nerve; OC: Optic chiasm

Click here to view
Figure 2: Optical (left) and ICG-based video angiography (right) of the aneurysm Post-arteriotomy. Aneurysm is completely secured and the incision site obliterated. a: right A1 segment of right ACA; b: right A2 segment of right ACA; AcomA: anterior communicating artery; arrowhead: left A1 segment of left ACA; arrow: right recurrent artery of heubner; arrowheads: region of secured aneurysm

Click here to view
Figure 3: (a) Preoperative angiography showing herniation of coil through the aneurysm (b) Intraoperative angiography following surgical retrieval of herniated coils and clipping showing complete occlusion of the aneurysm

Click here to view



 » Discussion Top


Technological advances in the field of endovascular neurosurgery have led to an increased number of intracranial aneurysms being treated by endovascular approach. The favorable outcome in the endovascular arm in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial [3] has contributed to this shift. The N-ISAT study found cognitive impairment more frequently in the patients randomized to the microsurgical arm compared to those in the endovascular arm. [4] With an increase in the endovascular procedures for the treatment of intracranial aneurysm, the rate of complications like flow-obstructing herniated coil as in this patient are likely to increase. Very few cases have been described using the surgical techniques for the management of coil herniation arising from the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. [5],[6]

Intraoperative blood flow visualization was an extremely important component in the management of our case. The rate of unexpected major branch occlusion resulting from the clipping of an aneurysm as demonstrated with postoperative angiography, varied between 4% and 12%. [7] In this patient, the herniated coil was obstructing the parent vessels and possibly compromising multiple perforating branches. In light of these findings as well as the complex anatomy of the aneurysm pre- and post-clipping blood flow visualization using either intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or ICGA were important. [2],[8],[9]

Intraoperative DSA is considered a safe procedure. However, it is difficult to carry out due to the technical demands, time delays it results in the operating room, the requirement of additional manpower and additional costs. Furthermore, it may not evaluate small perforating arteries as well as the recurrent artery of Hubner. [8],[9] ICGA has been found to be a simple, safe, timely and inexpensive method for visualizing vascular flow in major arteries and small perforating vessels. [2],[8],[9] Thus, we often use this method multiple times during the procedure which increases the confidence of the surgeon in locating the arteriotomy and placement of the permanent clip which may lead to a favorable outcome.

Kim et al. [5] emphasized the importance of understanding the guidelines for "complementary methodological crossovers" from a first-line attempt of endovascular coil embolisation to urgent microsurgical intervention. We also believe that it is crucial to develop and standardize such guidelines, since the prevalence of such crossover seems to vary among institutions. [5] However, the use of newer techniques such as pipeline embolization devices or silk flow diverter stents is safe and associated with high rate of angiographic success and might reduce the incidence of such complications in the future. [10],[11]


 » Conclusion Top


Our report demonstrates one of the unique challenges in vascular neurosurgery, requiring specific skills and technologies imperative for the achievement of a desirable outcome. We demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between neuro-interventional and neurosurgical teams and the utility of intraoperative ICGA to deal with such a rare complication.

 
 » References Top

1.Todd MM, Hindman BJ, Clarke WR, Torner JC. Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial (IHAST) Investigators. Mild intraoperative hypothermia during surgery for intracranial aneurysm. N Engl J Med 2005;352:135-45.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.Raabe A, Beck J, Gerlach R, Zimmermann M, Seifert V. Near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography: A new method for intraoperative assessment of vascular flow. Neurosurgery. 2003;52:132-9.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.Molyneux A, Kerr R, Stratton I, Sandercock P, Clarke M, Shrimpton J, et al. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A randomised trial. Lancet 2002;360:1267-74.  Back to cited text no. 3
[PUBMED]    
4.Scott RB, Eccles F, Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Rothwell PM, Carpenter K. Improved cognitive outcomes with endovascular coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: Neuropsychological outcomes from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Stroke 2010;41:1743-7.  Back to cited text no. 4
[PUBMED]    
5.Kim YB, Lee KC, Lee JW, Huh SK, Yoon PH, Kim DI. Rescue microsurgery in coil herniation causing thromboembolic occlusion of parent artery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009;151:1609-16.  Back to cited text no. 5
[PUBMED]    
6.Deshmukh VR, Klopfenstein J, Albuquerque FC, Kim LJ, Spetzler RF. Surgical management of distal coil migration and arterial perforation after attempted coil embolization of a ruptured ophthalmic artery aneurysm: Technical case report. Neurosurgery 2006;58 (4 Suppl 2):ONS-E379.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.Alexander TD, Macdonald RL, Weir B, Kowalczuk A. Intraoperative angiography in cerebral aneurysm surgery: A prospective study of 100 craniotomies. Neurosurgery 1996;39:10-7.  Back to cited text no. 7
[PUBMED]    
8.Raabe A, Nakaji P, Beck J, Kim LJ, Hsu FP, Kamerman JD, et al. Prospective evaluation of surgical microscope-integrated intraoperative near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography during aneurysm surgery. J Neurosurg 2005;103:982-9.  Back to cited text no. 8
[PUBMED]    
9.De Oliveira JG, Beck J, Seifert V, Teixeria MJ, Raabe A. Assessment of flow in perforating arteries during intracranial aneurysm surgery using intraoperative near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography. Neurosurgery 2007;61 (3 Suppl):63-72.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10.Lin LM, Colby GP, Kim JE, Huang J, Tamargo RJ, Coon AL. Immediate and follow-up results for 44 consecutive cases of small (<10 mm) internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with the pipeline embolization device. Surg Neurol Int 2013;4:114.  Back to cited text no. 10
  Medknow Journal  
11.Shankar JJ, Vandorpe R, Pickett G, Maloney W. SILK flow diverter for treatment of intracranial aneurysms: Initial experience and cost analysis. J Neurointerv Surg Nov 2013;5 Suppl 3:iii11-15.  Back to cited text no. 11
    


    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]



 

Top
Print this article  Email this article
   
Online since 20th March '04
Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow