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The cover page
Correspondence Address: Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.259117
Front cover This picture has been contributed by Dr. Manmohan Singh, Professor of Neurosurgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and Mr. Shamsher Singh, Deputy Chief Engineer, Electricity Board, Punjab. A galaxy is a large group of stars, gas, and dust that are bound by gravity, and therefore, in relatively close proximity, in the universe. The milky way is a large spiral galaxy (that has spiral arms in a relatively flat disk and a central “bulge”; the central core contains older stars and the spiral arms contains lesser number of stars but more gas) of which our solar system is an integral part. It represents a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed by millions of stars that cannot be individually differentiated by the naked eye. All the stars we see in the night sky are in our own 'milky way' galaxy. Thus, we cannot see our entire galaxy since we are an integral part of it. This picture was clicked in the middle of summer night by the side of holy lake “Chandratal” in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. It was clicked with a Canon EOS 5Dmk-III and a 16-35 f/4L IS lens. Exif data is ISO 3200, 19mm, f/4.0, 30 sec.
Back cover This picture has been contributed by Dr. Manmohan Singh, Professor of Neurosurgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The full moon occurs when the earth is located between the sun and the moon. It represents the lunar phase when the moon appears fully illuminated as visualized from Earth. The full moon occurs almost once every synodic month [the period it takes for a satellite to rotate once in relation to the planet it is orbiting around], between two consecutive occurrences of a particular phase of the moon (such as a new moon or full moon), as seen by an observer on Earth. The mean length of the synodic month is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2.8 seconds. At this time, the side of the moon facing the earth is completely sunlit and appears as a circular disk. The full moon has traditionally been associated with temporal insomnia, insanity (hence the terms 'lunacy' and 'lunatic') and various “magical phenomena” such as lycanthropy (mythical transformation of a person into a wolf!). Psychologists, however, have found that there is no strong evidence for its effects on the human behaviour around the time of a full moon. This picture was captured in the Gurez valley, North Kashmir with a Canon EOS 5Dmk-III and 100-400 F/4.5-5.6 L USM. The exif data is ISO 800, 400mm, f/5.6, 1/5000 sec.
Left insert: Contributed by Frantzidis CA, Kontana E, Karkala A, Nigdelis V, Karagianni M, Nday CM, Ganapathy K, Kourtidou-Papadeli C. Current trends and future perspectives of Space Neuroscience towards preparation for interplanetary missions. Neurol India 2019;67:S182-9.
Right insert: Contributed by Mader TH, Gibson CR, Miller NR, Subramanian PS, Patel MB, Lee AG. An overview of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Neurol India 2019;67:S206-13.
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